From e01b84a6698f5060fd7dea789fc0ffa872f26b15 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Thomas Ulmer Date: Sun, 1 Mar 2026 11:37:31 -0800 Subject: remove tree --- tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1 | 1025 -------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 1025 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1 (limited to 'tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1') diff --git a/tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1 b/tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1 deleted file mode 100644 index ee6d855..0000000 --- a/tree/src/vi/ex-070224/vi.1 +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1025 +0,0 @@ -.\" -.\" This code contains changes by -.\" Gunnar Ritter, Freiburg i. Br., Germany, 2002. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Conditions 1, 2, and 4 and the no-warranty notice below apply -.\" to these changes. -.\" -.\" -.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1993 -.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. -.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed by the University of -.\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. -.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors -.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software -.\" without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND -.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE -.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL -.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS -.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) -.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT -.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY -.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF -.\" SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" -.\" Copyright(C) Caldera International Inc. 2001-2002. All rights reserved. -.\" -.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without -.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions -.\" are met: -.\" Redistributions of source code and documentation must retain the -.\" above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following -.\" disclaimer. -.\" Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright -.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the -.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. -.\" All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software -.\" must display the following acknowledgement: -.\" This product includes software developed or owned by Caldera -.\" International, Inc. -.\" Neither the name of Caldera International, Inc. nor the names of -.\" other contributors may be used to endorse or promote products -.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission. -.\" -.\" USE OF THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED FOR UNDER THIS LICENSE BY CALDERA -.\" INTERNATIONAL, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR -.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED -.\" WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE -.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL CALDERA INTERNATIONAL, INC. BE -.\" LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR -.\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF -.\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR -.\" BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, -.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE -.\" OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, -.\" EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. -.\" -.\" from vi.1 6.1 (Berkeley) 4/29/85 -.\" -.\" Sccsid @(#)vi.1 1.26 (gritter) 3/12/03 -.\" -.ie \n(.g==1 \{\ -.ds lq \(lq -.ds rq \(rq -.\} -.el \{\ -.ds lq `` -.ds rq '' -.\} -.TH VI 1 "3/12/03" "Ancient Unix Ports" "User Commands" -.SH NAME -vi, view, vedit \- screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex -.SH SYNOPSIS -.HP -.ad l -\fBvi\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR] -[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR] -[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR] -[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...] -.HP -.ad l -\fBview\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR] -[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR] -[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR] -[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...] -.HP -.ad l -\fBvedit\fR [\fB\-c\fI\ command\fR|\fB+\fIcommand\fR] -[\fB\-r\fR\ [\fIfilename\fR]] [\fB\-s\fR|\fB\-\fR] -[\fB\-t\fI\ tagstring\fR] [\fB\-w\fI\ size\fR] -[\fB\-lLRV\fR] [\fIfile\fR ...] -.br -.ad b -.SH DESCRIPTION -.I Vi -(visual) is a display oriented text editor based on -.IR ex (1). -.I Ex -and -.I vi -run the same code; it is possible to get to -the command mode of -.I ex -from within -.I vi -and vice-versa. -.PP -The -.I view -command is identical to -.I vi -except that files are opened read-only. -The -.I vedit -command is also identical, -but sets some options to values more useful for novices. -.PP -The following options are accepted: -.TP -\fB\-c\fP\fI\ command\fP or \fB+\fP\fIcommand\fP -Execute -.I command -when editing begins. -.TP -.B \-l -Start in a special mode useful for the -.I Lisp -programming language. -.TP -\fB\-r\fI\ [filename]\fR or \fB\-L\fR -When no argument is supplied with this option, -all files to be recovered are listed -and the editor exits immediately. -If a -.I filename -is specified, -the corresponding temporary file is opened in recovery mode. -.TP -.B \-R -Files are opened read-only when this option is given. -.TP -.BR \-s \ or\ \- -Script mode; -all feedback for interactive editing is disabled. -.SM EXINIT -and -.I .exrc -files are not processed. -.TP -.BI \-t \ tagstring -Read the -.I tags -file, -then choose the file and position specified by -.I tagstring -for editing. -.TP -.B \-V -Echo command input to standard error, -unless it originates from a terminal. -.TP -.BI \-w \ size -Specify the size of the editing window for visual mode. -.PP -The -.I "Introduction to Display Editing with Vi" -provides full details on using -.I vi. -.PP -Most of the -.I ex -commands are available in -.I visual -mode when prefixed by a -.B : -character. See -.BR ex (1) -for a description of them. -.\" from vi.chars 8.1 (Berkeley) 6/8/93 -.PP -The following gives the uses the editor makes of each character. The -characters are presented in their order in the \s-1ASCII\s0 character -set: Control characters come first, then most special characters, then -the digits, upper and then lower case characters. -.PP -For each character we tell a meaning it has as a command and any meaning it -has during an insert. -If it has only meaning as a command, then only this is discussed. -Section numbers in parentheses indicate where the character is discussed -in \*(lqAn Introduction to Display Editing with Vi\*(rq; -a `f' after the section number means that the character is mentioned -in a footnote. -.TP -\fB^@\fR -Not a command character. -If typed as the first character of an insertion it is replaced with the -last text inserted, and the insert terminates. Only 128 characters are -saved from the last insert; if more characters were inserted the mechanism -is not available. -A \fB^@\fR cannot be part of the file due to the editor implementation -(7.5f). -.TP -\fB^A\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^B\fR -Backward window. -A count specifies repetition. -Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2). -.TP -\fB^C\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^D\fR -As a command, scrolls down a half-window of text. -A count gives the number of (logical) lines to scroll, and is remembered -for future \fB^D\fR and \fB^U\fR commands (2.1, 7.2). -During an insert, backtabs over \fIautoindent\fR white space at the beginning -of a line (6.6, 7.5); this white space cannot be backspaced over. -.TP -\fB^E\fR -Exposes one more line below the current screen in the file, leaving -the cursor where it is if possible. -.TP -\fB^F\fR -Forward window. A count specifies repetition. -Two lines of continuity are kept if possible (2.1, 6.1, 7.2). -.TP -\fB^G\fR -Equivalent to \fB:f\fR\s-1CR\s0, printing the current file, whether -it has been modified, the current line number and the number of lines -in the file, and the percentage of the way through the file. -.TP -\fB^H (\fR\s-1BS\s0\fB)\fR -Same as -.BR "left arrow" . -(See -.BR h ). -During an insert, eliminates the last input character, backing over it -but not erasing it; it remains so the user can see what he typed if he -wishes to type something only slightly different (3.1, 7.5). -.TP -\fB^I\ (\fR\s-1TAB\s0\fB)\fR -Not a command character. -When inserted it prints as some -number of spaces. -When the cursor is at a tab character it rests at the last of the spaces -which represent the tab. -The spacing of tabstops is controlled by the \fItabstop\fR option (4.1, 6.6). -.TP -\fB^J\ (\fR\s-1LF\s0\fB)\fR -Same as -.B "down arrow" -(see -.BR j ). -.TP -\fB^K\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^L\fR -The \s-1ASCII\s0 formfeed character, this causes the screen to be cleared -and redrawn. This is useful after a transmission error, if characters -typed by a program other than the editor scramble the screen, -or after output is stopped by an interrupt (5.4, 7.2f). -.TP -\fB^M\ (\fR\s-1CR\s0\fB)\fR -A carriage return advances to the next line, at the first non-white position -in the line. Given a count, it advances that many lines (2.3). -During an insert, a \s-1CR\s0 causes the insert to continue onto -another line (3.1). -.TP -\fB^N\fR -Same as -.B "down arrow" -(see -.BR j ). -.TP -\fB^O\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^P\fR -Same as -.B "up arrow" -(see -.BR k ). -.TP -\fB^Q\fR -Not a command character. -In input mode, -.B ^Q -quotes the next character, the same as -.B ^V , -except that some teletype drivers will eat the -.B ^Q -so that the editor never sees it. -.TP -\fB^R\fR -Redraws the current screen, eliminating logical lines not corresponding -to physical lines (lines with only a single @ character on them). -On hardcopy terminals in \fIopen\fR mode, retypes the current line -(5.4, 7.2, 7.8). -.TP -\fB^S\fR -Unused. Some teletype drivers use -.B ^S -to suspend output until -.B ^Q is pressed. -.TP -\fB^T\fR -Not a command character. -During an insert, with \fIautoindent\fR set and at the beginning of the -line, inserts \fIshiftwidth\fR white space. -.TP -\fB^U\fR -Scrolls the screen up, inverting \fB^D\fR which scrolls down. Counts work as -they do for \fB^D\fR, and the previous scroll amount is common to both. -On a dumb terminal, \fB^U\fR will often necessitate clearing and redrawing -the screen further back in the file (2.1, 7.2). -.TP -\fB^V\fR -Not a command character. -In input mode, quotes the next character so that it is possible -to insert non-printing and special characters into the file (4.2, 7.5). -.TP -\fB^W\fR -Not a command character. -During an insert, backs up as \fBb\fR would in command mode; the deleted -characters remain on the display (see \fB^H\fR) (7.5). -.TP -\fB^X\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^Y\fR -Exposes one more line above the current screen, leaving the cursor where -it is if possible. (No mnemonic value for this key; however, it is next -to \fB^U\fR which scrolls up a bunch.) -.TP -\fB^Z\fR -If supported by the Unix system, -stops the editor, exiting to the top level shell. -Same as \fB:stop\fP\s-1CR\s0. -Otherwise, unused. -.TP -\fB^[\ (\fR\s-1ESC\s0\fB)\fR -Cancels a partially formed command, such as a \fBz\fR when no following -character has yet been given; terminates inputs on the last line (read -by commands such as \fB: /\fR and \fB?\fR); ends insertions of new text -into the buffer. -If an \s-1ESC\s0 is given when quiescent in command state, the editor -rings the bell or flashes the screen. The user can thus hit \s-1ESC\s0 if -he doesn't know what is happening till the editor rings the bell. -If the user doesn't know whether he is in insert mode -he can type \s-1ESC\s0\fBa\fR, -and then material to be input; the material will be inserted correctly -whether or not he was in insert mode when he started (1.6, 3.1, 7.5). -.TP -\fB^\e\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB^]\fR -Searches for the word which is after the cursor as a tag. Equivalent -to typing \fB:ta\fR, this word, and then a \s-1CR\s0. -Mnemonically, this command is \*(lq right to\*(rq (7.3). -.TP -\fB^^\fR -Equivalent to \fB:e #\fR\s-1CR\s0, returning to the previous position -in the last edited file, or editing a file which the user specified if he -got a `No write since last change diagnostic' and does not want to have -to type the file name again (7.3). -(The user has to do a \fB:w\fR before \fB^^\fR -will work in this case. If he does not wish to write the file he should -do \fB:e!\ #\fR\s-1CR\s0 instead.) -.TP -\fB^_\fR -Unused. -Reserved as the command character for the -Tektronix 4025 and 4027 terminal. -.TP -\fB\fR\s-1SPACE\s0\fB\fR -Same as -.B "right arrow" -(see -.BR l ). -.TP -\fB!\fR -An operator, which processes lines from the buffer with reformatting commands. -Follow \fB!\fR with the object to be processed, and then the command name -terminated by \s-1CR\s0. Doubling \fB!\fR and preceding it by a count -causes count lines to be filtered; otherwise the count -is passed on to the object after the \fB!\fR. Thus \fB2!}\fR\fIfmt\fR\s-1CR\s0 -reformats the next two paragraphs by running them through the program -\fIfmt\fR. If working on \s-1LISP\s0, -the command \fB!%\fR\fIgrind\fR\s-1CR\s0, -.\"* -.\".FS -.\"*Both -.\".I fmt -.\"and -.\".I grind -.\"are Berkeley programs and may not be present at all installations. -.\".FE -given at the beginning of a -function, will run the text of the function through the \s-1LISP\s0 grinder -(6.7, 7.3). -To read a file or the output of a command into the buffer \fB:r\fR (7.3) -can be used. -To simply execute a command, \fB:!\fR (7.3). -.tr " -.iP  15 -Precedes a named buffer specification. There are named buffers \fB1\-9\fR -used for saving deleted text and named buffers \fBa\-z\fR into which the -user can place text (4.3, 6.3) -.tr  -.TP -\fB#\fR -The macro character which, when followed by a number, will substitute -for a function key on terminals without function keys (6.9). -In input mode, -if this is the erase character, it will delete the last character -typed in input mode, and must be preceded with a \fB\e\fR to insert -it, since it normally backs over the last input character. -.TP -\fB$\fR -Moves to the end of the current line. If the \fBlist\fR option is set, -then the end of each line will be shown by printing a \fB$\fR after the -end of the displayed text in the line. Given a count, advances to the -count'th following end of line; thus \fB2$\fR advances to the end of the -following line. -.TP -\fB%\fR -Moves to the parenthesis or brace \fB{ }\fR which balances the parenthesis -or brace at the current cursor position. -.TP -\fB&\fR -A synonym for \fB:&\fR\s-1CR\s0, by analogy with the -.I ex -.B & -command. -.TP -\fB\(aa\fR -When followed by a \fB\(aa\fR returns to the previous context at the -beginning of a line. The previous context is set whenever the current -line is moved in a non-relative way. -When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the line which -was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command, at the first non-white -character in the line. (2.2, 5.3). -When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place -over complete lines; if \fB\(ga\fR is used, the operation takes place -from the exact marked place to the current cursor position within the -line. -.TP -\fB(\fR -Retreats to the beginning of a -sentence, or to the beginning of a \s-1LISP\s0 s-expression -if the \fIlisp\fR option is set. -A sentence ends at a \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR which is followed by either -the end of a line or by two spaces. Any number of closing \fB) ] "\fR -and \fB\(aa\fR characters may appear after the \fB. !\fR or \fB?\fR, -and before the spaces or end of line. Sentences also begin -at paragraph and section boundaries -(see \fB{\fR and \fB[[\fR below). -A count advances that many sentences (4.2, 6.8). -.TP -\fB)\fR -Advances to the beginning of a sentence. -A count repeats the effect. -See \fB(\fR above for the definition of a sentence (4.2, 6.8). -.TP -\fB*\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB+\fR -Same as \s-1CR\s0 when used as a command. -.TP -\fB,\fR -Reverse of the last \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR command, looking the other way -in the current line. Especially useful after hitting too many \fB;\fR -characters. A count repeats the search. -.TP -\fB\-\fR -Retreats to the previous line at the first non-white character. -This is the inverse of \fB+\fR and \s-1RETURN\s0. -If the line moved to is not on the screen, the screen is scrolled, or -cleared and redrawn if this is not possible. -If a large amount of scrolling would be required the screen is also cleared -and redrawn, with the current line at the center (2.3). -.TP -\fB\&.\fR -Repeats the last command which changed the buffer. Especially useful -when deleting words or lines; the user can delete some words/lines and then -hit \fB.\fR to delete more and more words/lines. -Given a count, it passes it on to the command being repeated. Thus after -a \fB2dw\fR, \fB3.\fR deletes three words (3.3, 6.3, 7.2, 7.4). -.TP -\fB/\fR -Reads a string from the last line on the screen, and scans forward for -the next occurrence of this string. The normal input editing sequences may -be used during the input on the bottom line; an returns to command state -without ever searching. -The search begins when the user hits \s-1CR\s0 to terminate the pattern; -the cursor moves to the beginning of the last line to indicate that the search -is in progress; the search may then -be terminated with a \s-1DEL\s0 or \s-1RUB\s0, or by backspacing when -at the beginning of the bottom line, returning the cursor to -its initial position. -Searches normally wrap end-around to find a string -anywhere in the buffer. -.IP -When used with an operator the enclosed region is normally affected. -By mentioning an -offset from the line matched by the pattern the user can force whole lines -to be affected. To do this a pattern with a closing -a closing \fB/\fR and then an offset \fB+\fR\fIn\fR or \fB\-\fR\fIn\fR -must be given. -.IP -To include the character \fB/\fR in the search string, it must be escaped -with a preceding \fB\e\fR. -A \fB^\fR at the beginning of the pattern forces the match to occur -at the beginning of a line only; this speeds the search. A \fB$\fR at -the end of the pattern forces the match to occur at the end of a line -only. -More extended pattern matching is available, see section 7.4; -unless \fBnomagic\fR ist set in the \fI\&.exrc\fR file the user will have -to preceed the characters \fB. [ *\fR and \fB~\fR in the search pattern -with a \fB\e\fR to get them to work as one would naively expect (1.6, 2.2, -6.1, 7.2, 7.4). -.TP -\fB0\fR -Moves to the first character on the current line. -Also used, in forming numbers, after an initial \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR. -.TP -\fB1\-9\fR -Used to form numeric arguments to commands (2.3, 7.2). -.TP -\fB:\fR -A prefix to a set of commands for file and option manipulation and escapes -to the system. Input is given on the bottom line and terminated with -an \s-1CR\s0, and the command then executed. The user can return to where -he was by hitting \s-1DEL\s0 or \s-1RUB\s0 if he hit \fB:\fR accidentally -(see -.BR ex (1) -and primarily 6.2 and 7.3). -.TP -\fB;\fR -Repeats the last single character find which used \fBf F t\fR or \fBT\fR. -A count iterates the basic scan (4.1). -.TP -\fB<\fR -An operator which shifts lines left one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8 -spaces. Like all operators, affects lines when repeated, as in -\fB<<\fR. Counts are passed through to the basic object, thus \fB3<<\fR -shifts three lines (6.6, 7.2). -.TP -\fB=\fR -Reindents line for \s-1LISP\s0, as though they were typed in with \fIlisp\fR -and \fIautoindent\fR set (6.8). -.TP -\fB>\fR -An operator which shifts lines right one \fIshiftwidth\fR, normally 8 -spaces. Affects lines when repeated as in \fB>>\fR. Counts repeat the -basic object (6.6, 7.2). -.TP -\fB?\fR -Scans backwards, the opposite of \fB/\fR. See the \fB/\fR description -above for details on scanning (2.2, 6.1, 7.4). -.TP -\fB@\fR -A macro character (6.9). If this is the kill character, it must be escaped -with a \e -to type it in during input mode, as it normally backs over the input -given on the current line (3.1, 3.4, 7.5). -.TP -\fBA\fR -Appends at the end of line, a synonym for \fB$a\fR (7.2). -.TP -\fBB\fR -Backs up a word, where words are composed of non-blank sequences, placing -the cursor at the beginning of the word. A count repeats the effect -(2.4). -.TP -\fBC\fR -Changes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBc$\fR. -.TP -\fBD\fR -Deletes the rest of the text on the current line; a synonym for \fBd$\fR. -.TP -\fBE\fR -Moves forward to the end of a word, defined as blanks and non-blanks, -like \fBB\fR and \fBW\fR. A count repeats the effect. -.TP -\fBF\fR -Finds a single following character, backwards in the current line. -A count repeats this search that many times (4.1). -.TP -\fBG\fR -Goes to the line number given as preceding argument, or the end of the -file if no preceding count is given. The screen is redrawn with the -new current line in the center if necessary (7.2). -.TP -\fBH\fR -.BR "Home arrow" . -Homes the cursor to the top line on the screen. If a count is given, -then the cursor is moved to the count'th line on the screen. -In any case the cursor is moved to the first non-white character on the -line. If used as the target of an operator, full lines are affected -(2.3, 3.2). -.TP -\fBI\fR -Inserts at the beginning of a line; a synonym for \fB^i\fR. -.TP -\fBJ\fR -Joins together lines, supplying appropriate white space: one space between -words, two spaces after a \fB.\fR, and no spaces at all if the first -character of the joined on line is \fB)\fR. A count causes that many -lines to be joined rather than the default two (6.5, 7.1f). -.TP -\fBK\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fBL\fR -Moves the cursor to the first non-white character of the last line on -the screen. With a count, to the first non-white of the count'th line -from the bottom. Operators affect whole lines when used with \fBL\fR -(2.3). -.TP -\fBM\fR -Moves the cursor to the middle line on the screen, at the first non-white -position on the line (2.3). -.TP -\fBN\fR -Scans for the next match of the last pattern given to -\fB/\fR or \fB?\fR, but in the reverse direction; this is the reverse -of \fBn\fR. -.TP -\fBO\fR -Opens a new line above the current line and inputs text there up to an -\s-1ESC\s0. A count can be used on dumb terminals to specify a number -of lines to be opened; this is generally obsolete, as the \fIslowopen\fR -option works better (3.1). -.TP -\fBP\fR -Puts the last deleted text back before/above the cursor. The text goes -back as whole lines above the cursor if it was deleted as whole lines. -Otherwise the text is inserted between the characters before and at the -cursor. May be preceded by a named buffer specification \fB"\fR\fIx\fR -to retrieve the contents of the buffer; buffers \fB1\fR\-\fB9\fR contain -deleted material, buffers \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR are available for general -use (6.3). -.TP -\fBQ\fR -Quits from \fIvi\fR to \fIex\fR command mode. In this mode, whole lines -form commands, ending with a \s-1RETURN\s0. One can give all the \fB:\fR -commands; the editor supplies the \fB:\fR as a prompt (7.7). -.TP -\fBR\fR -Replaces characters on the screen with characters typed (overlay fashion). -Terminates with an \s-1ESC\s0. -.TP -\fBS\fR -Changes whole lines, a synonym for \fBcc\fR. A count substitutes for -that many lines. The lines are saved in the numeric buffers, and erased -on the screen before the substitution begins. -.TP -\fBT\fR -Takes a single following character, locates the character before the -cursor in the current line, and places the cursor just after that character. -A count repeats the effect. Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR -(4.1). -.TP -\fBU\fR -Restores the current line to its state before the user started changing it -(3.5). -.TP -\fBV\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fBW\fR -Moves forward to the beginning of a word in the current line, -where words are defined as sequences of blank/non-blank characters. -A count repeats the effect (2.4). -.TP -\fBX\fR -Deletes the character before the cursor. A count repeats the effect, -but only characters on the current line are deleted. -.TP -\fBY\fR -Yanks a copy of the current line into the unnamed buffer, to be put back -by a later \fBp\fR or \fBP\fR; a very useful synonym for \fByy\fR. -A count yanks that many lines. May be preceded by a buffer name to put -lines in that buffer (7.4). -.TP -\fBZZ\fR -Exits the editor. -(Same as \fB:x\fP\s-1CR\s0.) -If any changes have been made, the buffer is written out to the current file. -Then the editor quits. -.TP -\fB[[\fR -Backs up to the previous section boundary. A section begins at each -macro in the \fIsections\fR option, -normally a `.NH' or `.SH' and also at lines which which start -with a formfeed \fB^L\fR. Lines beginning with \fB{\fR also stop \fB[[\fR; -this makes it useful for looking backwards, a function at a time, in C -programs. If the option \fIlisp\fR is set, stops at each \fB(\fR at the -beginning of a line, and is thus useful for moving backwards at the top -level \s-1LISP\s0 objects. (4.2, 6.1, 6.6, 7.2). -.TP -\fB\e\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB]]\fR -Forward to a section boundary, see \fB[[\fR for a definition (4.2, 6.1, -6.6, 7.2). -.TP -\fB^\fR -Moves to the first non-white position on the current line (4.4). -.TP -\fB_\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fB\(ga\fR -When followed by a \fB\(ga\fR returns to the previous context. -The previous context is set whenever the current -line is moved in a non-relative way. -When followed by a letter \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR, returns to the position which -was marked with this letter with a \fBm\fR command. -When used with an operator such as \fBd\fR, the operation takes place -from the exact marked place to the current position within the line; -if using \fB\(aa\fR, the operation takes place over complete lines -(2.2, 5.3). -.TP -\fBa\fR -Appends arbitrary text after the current cursor position; the insert -can continue onto multiple lines by using \s-1RETURN\s0 within the insert. -A count causes the inserted text to be replicated, but only if the inserted -text is all on one line. -The insertion terminates with an \s-1ESC\s0 (3.1, 7.2). -.TP -\fBb\fR -Backs up to the beginning of a word in the current line. A word is a -sequence of alphanumerics, or a sequence of special characters. -A count repeats the effect (2.4). -.TP -\fBc\fR -An operator which changes the following object, replacing it with the -following input text up to an \s-1ESC\s0. If more than part of a single -line is affected, the text which is changed away is saved in the numeric named -buffers. If only part of the current line is affected, then the last -character to be changed away is marked with a \fB$\fR. -A count causes that many objects to be affected, thus both -\fB3c)\fR and \fBc3)\fR change the following three sentences (7.4). -.TP -\fBd\fR -An operator which deletes the following object. If more than part of -a line is affected, the text is saved in the numeric buffers. -A count causes that many objects to be affected; thus \fB3dw\fR is the -same as \fBd3w\fR (3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 7.4). -.TP -\fBe\fR -Advances to the end of the next word, defined as for \fBb\fR and \fBw\fR. -A count repeats the effect (2.4, 3.1). -.TP -\fBf\fR -Finds the first instance of the next character following the cursor on -the current line. A count repeats the find (4.1). -.TP -\fBg\fR -Unused. -.sp -Arrow keys -.BR h , -.BR j , -.BR k , -.BR l , -and -.BR H . -.TP -\fBh\fR -.B "Left arrow" . -Moves the cursor one character to the left. -Like the other arrow keys, either -.BR h , -the -.B "left arrow" -key, or one of the synonyms (\fB^H\fP) has the same effect. -A count repeats the effect (3.1, 7.5). -.TP -\fBi\fR -Inserts text before the cursor, otherwise like \fBa\fR (7.2). -.TP -\fBj\fR -.B "Down arrow" . -Moves the cursor one line down in the same column. -If the position does not exist, -.I vi -comes as close as possible to the same column. -Synonyms include -.B ^J -(linefeed) and -.B ^N . -.TP -\fBk\fR -.B "Up arrow" . -Moves the cursor one line up. -.B ^P -is a synonym. -.TP -\fBl\fR -.B "Right arrow" . -Moves the cursor one character to the right. -\s-1SPACE\s0 is a synonym. -.TP -\fBm\fR -Marks the current position of the cursor in the mark register which is -specified by the next character \fBa\fR\-\fBz\fR. The user can return -to this position or use it with an operator -using \fB\(ga\fR or \fB\(aa\fR (5.3). -.TP -\fBn\fR -Repeats the last \fB/\fR or \fB?\fR scanning commands (2.2). -.TP -\fBo\fR -Opens new lines below the current line; otherwise like \fBO\fR (3.1). -.TP -\fBp\fR -Puts text after/below the cursor; otherwise like \fBP\fR (6.3). -.TP -\fBq\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fBr\fR -Replaces the single character at the cursor with a single character typed. -The new character may be a \s-1RETURN\s0; this is the easiest -way to split lines. A count replaces each of the following count characters -with the single character given; see \fBR\fR above which is the more -usually useful iteration of \fBr\fR (3.2). -.TP -\fBs\fR -Changes the single character under the cursor to the text which follows -up to an \s-1ESC\s0; given a count, that many characters from the current -line are changed. The last character to be changed is marked with \fB$\fR -as in \fBc\fR (3.2). -.TP -\fBt\fR -Advances the cursor upto the character before the next character typed. -Most useful with operators such as \fBd\fR and \fBc\fR to delete the -characters up to a following character. One can use \fB.\fR to delete -more if this doesn't delete enough the first time (4.1). -.TP -\fBu\fR -Undoes the last change made to the current buffer. If repeated, will -alternate between these two states, thus is its own inverse. When used -after an insert which inserted text on more than one line, the lines are -saved in the numeric named buffers (3.5). -.TP -\fBv\fR -Unused. -.TP -\fBw\fR -Advances to the beginning of the next word, as defined by \fBb\fR (2.4). -.TP -\fBx\fR -Deletes the single character under the cursor. With a count deletes -deletes that many characters forward from the cursor position, but only -on the current line (6.5). -.TP -\fBy\fR -An operator, yanks the following object into the unnamed temporary buffer. -If preceded by a named buffer specification, \fB"\fR\fIx\fR, the text -is placed in that buffer also. Text can be recovered by a later \fBp\fR -or \fBP\fR (7.4). -.TP -\fBz\fR -Redraws the screen with the current line placed as specified by the following -character: \s-1RETURN\s0 specifies the top of the screen, \fB.\fR the -center of the screen, and \fB\-\fR at the bottom of the screen. -A count may be given after the \fBz\fR and before the following character -to specify the new screen size for the redraw. -A count before the \fBz\fR gives the number of the line to place in the -center of the screen instead of the default current line. (5.4) -.TP -\fB{\fR -Retreats to the beginning of the beginning of the preceding paragraph. -A paragraph begins at each macro in the \fIparagraphs\fR option, normally -`.IP', `.LP', `.PP', `.QP' and `.bp'. -A paragraph also begins after a completely -empty line, and at each section boundary (see \fB[[\fR above) (4.2, 6.8, -7.6). -.TP -\fB|\fR -Places the cursor on the character in the column specified -by the count (7.1, 7.2). -.TP -\fB}\fR -Advances to the beginning of the next paragraph. See \fB{\fR for the -definition of paragraph (4.2, 6.8, 7.6). -.TP -\fB~\fR -Switches the case of the given count of characters -starting from the current cursor position to the end of the current line. -Non-alphabetic characters remain unchanged. -.TP -\fB^?\ (\s-1\fRDEL\fB\s0)\fR -Interrupts the editor, returning it to command accepting state (1.6, -7.5). -.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" -.PP -The following environment variables affect the behaviour of vi: -.TP -.B COLUMNS -Overrides the system-supplied number of terminal columns. -.TP -.B EXINIT -Contains commands to execute at editor startup. -If this variable is present, the -.I .exrc -file in the user's home directory is ignored. -.TP -.B HOME -Used to locate the editor startup file. -.TP -.BR LANG ", " LC_ALL -See -.IR locale (7). -.TP -.B LC_CTYPE -Determines the mapping of bytes to characters, -types of characters, -case conversion -and composition of character classes in regular expressions. -.TP -.B LC_MESSAGES -Sets the language used for diagnostic and informal messages. -.TP -.B LINES -Overrides the system-supplied number of terminal lines. -.TP -.B NLSPATH -See -.IR catopen (3). -.TP -.B SHELL -The program file used to execute external commands. -.TP -.B TERM -Determines the terminal type. -.SH FILES -.TP -.B /usr/lib/ex/expreserve -preserve command -.TP -.B /usr/lib/ex/exrecover -recover command -.TP -.B /etc/termcap -describes capabilities of terminals -.TP -.B $HOME/.exrc -editor startup file -.TP -.B /var/tmp/Ex\fInnnnnnnnnn\fP -editor temporary -.TP -.B /var/tmp/Rx\fInnnnnnnnnn\fP -named buffer temporary -.TP -.B /var/lib/ex -preservation directory -.SH SEE ALSO -ex(1), -edit(1), -\*(lqVi Quick Reference\*(rq card, -\*(lqAn Introduction to Display Editing with Vi\*(rq. -.SH AUTHOR -William Joy. -.PP -Mark Horton added macros to -.I visual -mode and was maintaining version 3. -.PP -This version incorporates changes by Gunnar Ritter. -.SH NOTES -Software tabs using \fB^T\fP work only immediately after the -.I autoindent. -.PP -Left and right shifts on intelligent terminals don't make use of -insert and delete character operations in the terminal. -.PP -The -.I wrapmargin -option can be fooled since it looks at output columns when blanks are typed. -If a long word passes through the margin and onto the next line without a -break, then the line won't be broken. -.PP -Insert/delete within a line can be slow if tabs are present on intelligent -terminals, since the terminals need help in doing this correctly. -.\".PP -.\"Saving text on deletes in the named buffers is somewhat inefficient. -.PP -The -.I source -command does not work when executed as \fB:source\fP; -there is no way to use the \fB:append\fP, \fB:change\fP, -and \fB:insert\fP commands, since it is not possible to give -more than one line of input to a \fB:\fP escape. To use these -on a \fB:global\fP one must \fBQ\fP to \fIex\fP command mode, -execute them, and then reenter the screen editor with -.I vi -or -.I open. -- cgit v1.2.3